Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
Volume 4, Issue 3 , Pages 226-236, September 2008

Surface chemistry influences cancer killing effect of TiO2 nanoparticles

  • Paul Thevenot, MS

      Affiliations

    • Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
    • ,
  • Jai Cho, MSc, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
    • ,
  • Dattatray Wavhal, MSc, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
    • ,
  • Richard B. Timmons, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
    • ,
  • Liping Tang, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Texas at Arlington, 214 Engineering Laboratory Building, Arlington, Texas 76019-0138, USA.

Received 21 June 2007; accepted 4 April 2008. published online 27 May 2008.

Abstract 

Photocatalyzed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been shown to eradicate cancer cells. However, the required in situ introduction of ultraviolet light limits the use of such a therapy in humans. In the present study the nonphotocatalyic anticancer effect of surface-functionalized TiO2 was examined. Nanoparticles bearing -OH, -NH2, or -COOH surface groups were tested for their effect on in vitro survival of several cancer and control cell lines. The cells tested included B16F10 melanoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, JHU prostate cancer cells, and 3T3 fibroblasts. Cell viability was observed to depend on particle concentrations, cell types, and surface chemistry. Specifically, -NH2 and -OH groups showed significantly higher toxicity than -COOH. Microscopic and spectrophotometric studies revealed nanoparticle-mediated cell membrane disruption leading to cell death. The results suggest that functionalized TiO2, and presumably other nanoparticles, can be surface-engineered for targeted cancer therapy.

Key words: Surface functionality, TiO2 nanoparticles, Cancer, Toxicity

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 This work was supported by NIH grants RO1 GM074021 and an AHA Established Investigator Award.

PII: S1549-9634(08)00038-5

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2008.04.001

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
Volume 4, Issue 3 , Pages 226-236, September 2008

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