Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
Volume 5, Issue 3 , Pages 298-304, September 2009

In vitro interactions between splenocytes and dansylamide dye–embedded nanoparticles detected by flow cytometry

  • Jennifer F. Nyland, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina 29209, USA.
    • ,
  • Jennifer J.K. Bai, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Material Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • ,
  • Howard E. Katz, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Material Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    • ,
  • Ellen K. Silbergeld, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Received 6 August 2008; accepted 2 January 2009. published online 20 January 2009.

Abstract 

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) possess a range of biological activity. In vitro methods for assessing toxicity and efficacy would be enhanced by simultaneous quantitative information on the behavior of NPs in culture systems and signals of cell response. We have developed a method for visualizing NPs within cells using standard flow-cytometric techniques and uniquely designed spherical siloxane NPs with an embedded (covalently bound) dansylamide dye. This method allowed NP visualization without obscuring detection of relevant biomarkers of cell subtype, activation state, and other events relevant to assessing bioactivity. We determined that NPs penetrated cells and induced a range of biological signals consistent with activation and costimulation. These results indicate that NPs may affect cell function at concentrations below those inducing cytotoxicity or apoptosis and demonstrate a novel method to image both localization of NPs and cell-level effects.

From the Clinical Editor

A method for visualizing NPs within cells using standard flow-cytometric techniques is reported in this paper. The novel method allowed NP visualization without obscuring detection of relevant biomarkers of cell subtype, activation state, and other events relevant to assessing bioactivity. NPs also induced a range of biological signals consistent with activation and costimulation.

Key words: Nanotoxicology, In vitro, Flow cytometry, Cellular function

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 Funding was provided by a seed grant from the Johns Hopkins Institute of NanoBiomedical Technology to H.E.K. and E.K.S and NSF PREM to J.J.K.B. and National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences K99 grant (ES015426) to J.F.N.

 The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest for the research presented.

PII: S1549-9634(09)00007-0

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2009.01.001

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
Volume 5, Issue 3 , Pages 298-304, September 2009

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