Nanoparticles as drug delivery agents specific for CNS: in vivo biodistribution

Abstract 

The pharmacological treatment of neurological disorders is often complicated by the inability of drugs to pass the blood-brain barrier. Recently we discovered that polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) made of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), surface-decorated with the peptide Gly-l-Phe-d-Thr-Gly-l-Phe-l-Leu-l-Ser(O-β-d-glucose)-CONH₂ are able to deliver, after intravenous administration, the model drug loperamide into the central nervous system (CNS). This new drug delivery agent is able to ensure a strong and long-lasting pharmacological effect, far greater than that previously observed with other nanoparticulate carriers. Here we confirmed the effectiveness of this carrier for brain targeting, comparing the effect obtained by the administration of loperamide-loaded NPs with the effect of an intracerebroventricular administration of the drug; moreover, the biodistribution of these NPs showed a localization into the CNS in a quantity about two orders of magnitude greater than that found with the other known NP drug carriers. Thus, a new kind of NPs that target the CNS with very high specificity was discovered.

From the Clinical Editor

This paper discusses a nanoparticle-based technique of targeted drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier. The biodistribution of these novel nanoparticles showed two orders of magnitude greater efficiency compared to other known NP drug carriers.

Key words: Nanoparticles, Brain diseases, Nanotechnology, Biodistribution, CNS, In vivo experiments