Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics: a study against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2009.04.006

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine

Volume 6, Issue 1, February 2010, Pages 103-109

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2009.04.006 Get rights and content

Abstract

The development of a reliable green chemistry process for the biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials is an important aspect of current nanotechnology research. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been known for their inhibitory and bactericidal effect. Resistance to antimicrobial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major challenge for the health care industry. In the present investigation the use of the fungus Trichoderma viride for the extracellular biosynthesis of AgNPs from silver nitrate solution is reported. It was observed that the aqueous silver (Ag⁺) ions, when exposed to a filtrate of T. viride, were reduced in solution, thereby leading to formation of extremely stable AgNPs. These AgNPs were characterized by means of several techniques. The nanoparticles show maximum absorbance at 420 nm on ultraviolet-visible spectra. The presence of proteins was identified by Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy. The reduction of Ag⁺ ions to elemental silver was characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectrophotometry. Electrokinetic measurements (zeta potential) of AgNPs as a function of pH in 1 × 10⁻³ mol dm⁻³ aqueous solution were evaluated. The transmission electron micrograph revealed the formation of polydispersed nanoparticles of 5–40 nm, and the presence of elemental silver was confirmed by energy-dispersed spectroscopy analysis. The nanoparticles were also evaluated for their increased antimicrobial activities with various antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activities of ampicillin, kanamycin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol were increased in the presence of AgNPs against test strains. The highest enhancing effect was observed for ampicillin against test strains. The result showed that the combination of antibiotics with AgNPs have better antimicrobial effects. A mechanism was also proposed to explain this phenomenon.

From the Clinical Editor

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NP-s) represent an important nanomedicine-based advance in the fight against polyresistent bacteria. In this study, the fungus Trichoderma viride was utilized for extracellular biosynthesis of extremely stable Ag Nps. The antibacterial activities of kanamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and especially of ampicillin were increased in the presence of Ag NPs against test strains.

Section snippets

Source of microorganisms

The fungus was obtained from the Culture Collection Center (CAS in Botany, University of Madras, India) and maintained in potato dextrose agar (HiMedia, Mumbai, India) slant at 27°C.

Four bacterial strains—namely, Salmonella typhi (gram-negative rods), Escherichia coli (gram-negative rods), Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive cocci), and Micrococcus luteus (gram-positive cocci) were obtained from the Culture Collection Center, and the species-level confirmation for all microorganisms was

Results

A detailed study on the extracellular biogenic synthesis of AgNPs by T. viride was carried out, and the synergistic antibacterial effect of AgNPs with antibiotics against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were reported from this work. Figure 1 shows Erlenmeyer flasks containing the filtrate of T. viride biomass with Ag⁺ ions at the initial time point and after 24 hours of the reaction end point, respectively. The change in color of the filtrate of T. viride was noted by visual

Discussion

The study of biosynthesis of nanomaterials offers a valuable contribution to nanobiotechnology. The biosynthetic methods have been investigated as an alternative to chemical and physical ones. In this regard T. viride proves to be an important biological component for extracellular biosynthesis of stable AgNPs. It was observed that the reduction of the Ag⁺ ions during the exposure to T. viride filtrate can be easily followed by visual observation and UV-vis spectroscopy. It is well known that

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: No conflict of interest was reported by the authors of this article.

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Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine

Abstract

From the Clinical Editor

Section snippets

Source of microorganisms

Results

Discussion

References (27)

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles assisted by Escherichia coli DH5a and its application on direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin

Electrochem Commun

A novel extracellular synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles using marine alga, Sargassum wightii Greville

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces

The use of microorganisms for the formation of metal nanoparticles and their application

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

Enzyme mediated extracellular synthesis of CdS nanoparticles by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum

J Am Chem Soc

Extracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum

Chem Biochem

Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces

The occurrence of sulfur and phosphorus within bacterially derived crystalline and pseudocrystalline octahedral gold formed in vitro

Geochim Cosmochim Acta

Silver-based crystalline nanoparticles, microbially fabricated

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium semitectum

Mater Res Bull

Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity

J Phys Chem B

Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete, Rhodococcus

species. Nanotechnology

Cited by (1177)

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles mediated by Curcuma longa extract: Evaluation of its catalytic activity for the degradation of environmental pollutants and study of anti-lung adenocarcinoma effects

The impact of copper and silver as interlayers of zinc telluride films on the physical properties and antifungal efficacy of zinc telluride films

Exploring electrical conductivity, antibacterial efficacy, and photocatalytic activity in nanosilver-decorated β-SiC/graphene nanocomposites

Implications of Myconanotechnology for sustainable agriculture- applications and future perspectives

Green synthesis of Malvastrum coromandelianum fabricated AgNPs: Anti-dengue and mosquitocidal studies

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles using Trichoderma harzianum reduce charcoal rot disease in bean

Original ArticleBiogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics: a study against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

Abstract

From the Clinical Editor

Section snippets

Source of microorganisms

Results

Discussion

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles assisted by Escherichia coli DH5a and its application on direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin

Electrochem Commun

A novel extracellular synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles using marine alga, Sargassum wightii Greville

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces

The use of microorganisms for the formation of metal nanoparticles and their application

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

Enzyme mediated extracellular synthesis of CdS nanoparticles by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum

J Am Chem Soc

Extracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum

Chem Biochem

Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces

The occurrence of sulfur and phosphorus within bacterially derived crystalline and pseudocrystalline octahedral gold formed in vitro

Geochim Cosmochim Acta

Silver-based crystalline nanoparticles, microbially fabricated

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium semitectum

Mater Res Bull

Silver colloid nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their antibacterial activity

J Phys Chem B

Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete, Rhodococcus

species. Nanotechnology

Original Article
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics: a study against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria