Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
Volume 6, Issue 1 , Pages 1-8, February 2010

Novel sorbents for removal of gadolinium-based contrast agents in sorbent dialysis and hemoperfusion: preventive approaches to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

  • Wassana Yantasee, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA 99352, USA.
    • ,
  • Glen E. Fryxell, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
    • ,
  • George A. Porter, MD

      Affiliations

    • Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
    • ,
  • Kanda Pattamakomsan, MS

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
    • ,
  • Vichaya Sukwarotwat, BS

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
    • ,
  • Wilaiwan Chouyyok, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
    • ,
  • View Koonsiripaiboon, BS

      Affiliations

    • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
    • ,
  • Jide Xu, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
    • ,
  • Kenneth N. Raymond, PhD

      Affiliations

    • University of California, Berkeley, California, USA

Received 19 November 2008; accepted 4 May 2009. published online 18 May 2009.

Abstract 

Many forms of organocomplexed gadolinium (Gd) contrast agents have recently been linked to a debilitating and a potentially fatal skin disease called nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with renal failure. Free Gd released from these complexes via transmetallation is believed to be the most important trigger for NSF. In this work, nanostructure silica materials that have been functionalized with 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinone (1,2-HOPO-SAMMS) have been evaluated for selective and effective removal of both free and chelated Gd (gadopentetate dimeglumine and gadodiamide) from dialysate and blood. 1,2-HOPO SAMMS has high affinity, rapid removal rate, and large sorption capacity for both free and chelated Gd, properties that are far superior to those of activated carbon and zirconium phosphate currently used in the state-of-the-art sorbent dialysis and hemoperfusion systems. The SAMMS-based sorbent dialysis and hemoperfusion will potentially provide an effective and predicable strategy for removing the Gd from patients with impaired renal function after Gd exposure, thus allowing for the continued use of Gd-based contrast magnetic resonance imaging while removing the risk of NSF.

From the Clinical Editor

Chelated gadolinium (Gd) contrast agents have been linked to a debilitating disease called nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with renal failure. Free Gd+3 released from the contrast agents is believed to be the trigger for NSF. In this work, functionalized nanostructured silica materials were evaluated for removal of both free and chelated gadolinium both from dialysate and blood. The new method demonstrated a rapid removal rate and large sorption capacity, and overall was far superior to currently used state-of-the-art sorbent dialysis and hemoperfusion systems.

Key words: Contrast agent, Gadolinium, Hemoperfusion, Hydroxyl pyridinone, NSF, SAMMS, Sorbent dialysis

 

 This work was partially supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at PNNL, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) grant no. R21 ES015620, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) grant no. R01 AI074064. A portion of research was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL.

PII: S1549-9634(09)00093-8

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2009.05.002

Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
Volume 6, Issue 1 , Pages 1-8, February 2010

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