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Visible light–responsive core-shell structured In2O3@CaIn2O4 photocatalyst with superior bactericidal properties and biocompatibility

  • Wen-Ku Chang, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • ,
  • Der-Shan Sun, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • ,
  • Hao Chan, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • ,
  • Pai-Tsang Huang, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Life Science, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • ,
  • Wen-Shiang Wu, MS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • ,
  • Ching-Hui Lin, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • ,
  • Yao-Hsuan Tseng, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • ,
  • Yi-Hung Cheng, BS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • ,
  • Chun-Chieh Tseng, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Public Health, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • ,
  • Hsin-Hou Chang, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, Republic of China
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author: Room D407, Tzu-Chi University, No. 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.

Received 18 January 2011; accepted 25 September 2011. published online 26 October 2011.
Corrected Proof

Abstract 

Antibacterial activity of photocatalytic substrates is primarily induced by ultraviolet light irradiation. Visible light–responsive photocatalysts were recently discovered, offering greater opportunity to use photocatalysts as disinfectants in our living environment. The development of antibacterial photocatalysts, however, has mainly focused on titanium oxide (TiO2)–related materials with antibacterial properties not comparable with conventional chemical disinfectants. This study demonstrated that a core-shell structured In2O3@CaIn2O4 substrate has superior visible light–induced bactericidal properties, as compared with several commercially available and laboratory-prepared visible light–responsive photocatalysts. The high performance is enhanced by more easily photoexcited electron transfer between the interfaces of In2O3 and CaIn2O4 to minimize the electron-hole recombination during photocatalysis. Additionally, when compared with TiO2-based photocatalysts, In2O3@CaIn2O4 treatments did not induce significant cell death and tissue damage, implying a superior biocompatibility. These findings suggest that In2O3@CaIn2O4 may have potential application in the development of a safer and highly bactericidal photocatalyst.

Graphical Abstract 

The In2O3@CaIn2O4 nanoparticle is a visible light–responsive photocatalyst that has superior bactericidal activity as compared with several commercially available and laboratory-prepared photocatalysts. The high performance is enhanced by more easily photoexcited electron transfer between the interfaces of In2O3 and CaIn2O4 to minimize the electron-hole recombination during photocatalysis. Additionally, In2O3@CaIn2O4 exhibits a superior biocompatibility when compared with TiO2-based visible light–responsive photocatalysts and can be used in vivo. These findings suggest that In2O3@CaIn2O4 may have potential application in the development of a safer and highly bactericidal photocatalyst.

Key words: Photocatalyst, Bactericidal, Human pathogens

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 The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China, under grant numbers 95-2314-B-320-009-MY3 and 95-2120-M-259-003, the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan, Republic of China, under grant number 98-EC-17-A-19-S2-0111, and Tzu-Chi University, under grant numbers TCIRP 95002-02, TCIRP 98001-01, TCRPP 99020, and TCRPP 100003).

PII: S1549-9634(11)00373-X

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2011.09.016

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