Original ArticleMultiparametric imaging of adhesive nanodomains at the surface of Candida albicans by atomic force microscopy
Graphical Abstract
Section snippets
Yeasts growth conditions
Candida albicans (from ABC Platform® Bugs Bank, Nancy, France) was stocked at − 80 °C, revivified on Yeast Peptone Dextrose agar (Difco, 242720-500g) and grown in Yeast Peptone Dextrose broth (Difco, 242820-500g) for 20 hours at 30 °C under static conditions.
Sample preparation for AFM experiments
Yeast cells were concentrated by centrifugation, washed two times in acetate buffer (18 mM CH3COONa, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MnCl2, pH = 5.2), resuspended in acetate buffer, and immobilized on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps prepared as described by
Candida albicans cells display localized adhesiveness
Thanks to our innovative method to immobilize cells into PDMS stamps,18 and using Quantitative Imaging™ mode,16 we were able to image and quantify the adhesive properties of single C. albicans cells at the same time. Figure 1, A, shows a budding yeast cell; on the corresponding adhesion image (Figure 1, B), we can see that only the bud, and not the mother-cell, presents adhesives patches. This original result is surprising as non-budding cells are highly adhesive (see below). This result seems
Discussion
We show in this study that wild-type live C. albicans cells exhibit extraordinary adhesive properties. In the case of budding cells, placed in acetate buffer at 25 °C for 2 hours, we observed that the mother cell is not adhesive and that only the bud presents adhesive nanodomains. On the contrary, we show that non budding cells are covered by adhesive nanodomains, in the same experimental conditions. This illustrates the amazing plasticity of this species2, 27 able to grow as a commensal or as a
References (37)
- et al.
Importance of the Candida albicans cell wall during commensalism and infection
Curr Opin Microbiol
(2012) - et al.
Candida albicans interactions with epithelial cells and mucosal immunity
Microbes Infect
(2011) The ALS, gene family of Candida albicans
Trends Microbiol
(2001)- et al.
Atomic force microscopy: a nanoscopic window on the cell surface
Trends Cell Biol
(2011) - et al.
Imaging living cells surface and quantifying its properties at high resolution using AFM in QI™ mode
Micron
(2013) - et al.
Probing single molecule interactions by AFM using bio-functionalized dendritips
Sensors Actuators B Chem
(2012) - et al.
High-resolution cell surface dynamics of germinating Aspergillus fumigatus conidia
Biophys J
(2008) - et al.
Biology of amyloid: Structure, function, and regulation
Structure
(2010) - et al.
Functional amyloid–from bacteria to humans
Trends Biochem Sci
(2007) - et al.
Islet amyloid polypeptide-induced membrane leakage involves uptake of lipids by forming amyloid fibers
FEBS Lett
(2004)
Concentrating hormones into secretory granules: Layers of control
Mol Cell Endocrinol
Candida albicans, plasticity and pathogenesis
Crit Rev Microbiol
Discovering the secrets of the Candida albicans agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) gene family – a sticky pursuit
Med Mycol
Yeast cell adhesion molecules have functional amyloid-forming sequences
Eukaryot Cell
Atomic structures of amyloid cross-β spines reveal varied steric zippers
Nature
A role for amyloid in cell aggregation and biofilm formation
PLoS ONE
Global cell surface conformational shift mediated by a candida albicans adhesin
Infect Immun
Atomic force microscopy: a new look at pathogens
PLoS Pathog
Cited by (41)
Toxic effects of SiO<inf>2</inf>NPs in early embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis
2022, ChemosphereCitation Excerpt :SiO2 is the most abundant compound in the Earth's crust and could, in the form of nanoparticles, bioaccumulate in the environment and along the food chain with possible hazardous effects (Napierska et al., 2010). Among various types of nanoparticles, the silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs), are considered stable and non-toxic and are favored as nanostructuring, drug delivery, and optical imaging agents (Formosa et al., 2015; Saint-Cricq et al., 2015; Sonin et al., 2016). They are also applied in the remediation of the environment pollutants (see Jeelani et al., 2020), used as an additive for the manufacturing of rubber and plastics, as strengthening filler for concrete and other construction composites, as anti-caking agent to maintain flow properties in powdered products and as a carrier for fragrances or flavors in food and nonfood products (Robberecht et al., 2008; Dekkers et al., 2011; Martirosyan and Schneider, 2014).
Atomic force microscopy to elucidate how peptides disrupt membranes
2021, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - BiomembranesThe importance of force in microbial cell adhesion
2020, Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface ScienceMicrobial adhesion and ultrastructure from the single-molecule to the single-cell levels by Atomic Force Microscopy
2019, Cell SurfaceCitation Excerpt :This allows the cell to increase local adhesion strength during either cell-substrate or cell-cell interactions (Alsteens et al., 2010). The presence of such adhesins clusters has also been observed in living C. albicans depending on the budding stage of the cells (Formosa et al., 2015b). Adhesive patches have been reported as well at the surface of a specific strain of S. cerevisiae, and attributed – via completementary transcriptomic analyses- to the flocculin proteins FLO11 (Schiavone et al., 2015).
Single-molecule atomic force microscopy studies of microbial pathogens
2019, Current Opinion in Biomedical EngineeringCitation Excerpt :Together with SCFS data, these results pointed to a complex role of zinc in SasG-mediated adhesion: adsorption of zinc ions to cell wall components increases the cohesion of the cell surface, thus promoting the extension of SasG proteins beyond other surface components and making them fully available for zinc-dependent homophilic interactions. The adhesion forces of S. aureus onto human corneocytes were mapped, revealing the occurrence of specific interactions between pathogen adhesins and target ligands well spread on corneocytes [53]. Finally, amyloid nanodomains were mapped on C. albicans cells and found to exhibit different adhesiveness related to their stiffness and hydrophobic state [21].
This work was supported by an ANR young scientist program (AFMYST project ANR-11-JSV5-001-01 n°SD 30024331) to ED. CF and MS are respectively supported by a grant from “Direction Générale de l’Armement” (DGA) and from Lallemand SAS. ED is a researcher at Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. We are grateful to “Association Lorraine pour la Recherche et le Développement de Composés Bioactifs”, for its financial support.