Original ArticleThermo-responsive polymeric nanoparticles for enhancing neuronal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells
Graphical Abstract
Thermo-responsive polymeric nanoparticle-mediated neuronal differentiation from the human induced pluripotent stem cells.
Section snippets
Synthesis of PCANs
To synthesize PCANs, 500 mg NIPAM (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 13.5 mg N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA, Sigma-Aldrich), 100 mg sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Sigma-Aldrich), and 12.5 mg Am (Sigma-Aldrich) were added to 50 ml distilled water. The solution was mixed with nitrogen gas at room temperature for 20 minutes. Potassium persulfate (37.5 mg, KPS, Dae Jung, Siheung, Gyonggi, Korea) was added to initiate polymerization. The solution was then allowed to react with nitrogen gas at 70 °C for 5
Synthesis and analysis of RA-loaded PCANs
PCANs were synthesized through a radical polymerization reaction (Figure 1, A). TEM images revealed the spherical morphology of PCANs (Figure 1, B). DLS analysis showed that the diameter of PCANs was approximately 300-400 nm at room temperature. When the temperature was raised above the LCST (35 °C), the diameter of the nanoparticles shrank to 80-90 nm (Figure 1, C). The size distribution of PCANs determined by DLS analysis indicated that D10, D50, and D90 were 43.49 ± 0.41 nm, 65.09 ± 1.27 nm, and 98.38
Discussion
The thermo-responsive property is one of the major features of RA-loaded PCANs. At temperatures above the LCST, the hydrogen bonds between the amide groups of PCANs and water molecules were broken, and the coil-to-globule transition began. This caused the phase transition of the PCANs from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. This phase transition induced a deswelling of PCANs (Figure 1, D), leading to RA release from PCANs in a temperature-dependent manner (Figure 1, E). The surface charge of
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Cited by (0)
This research was supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute, funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant number HI14C3347); by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (2015M3A9D7030461); by a grant (NRF-2010-0020409) from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the MSIP, Republic of Korea; and in part by a grant (HI14C1588) from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project, funded by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.