Original ArticleGold nanorods reflectance discriminate benign from malignant oral lesions
Graphical Abstract
Tissue sections of oral squamous cell carcinoma incubated with gold nanorods bio-conjugated to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies and the reflectance spectrum measured using hyperspectral microscopy. Tissue sample is Halogen illuminated and the reflected light detected from its surface. The hyperspectral camera enables spectrum analyses of each pixel on the tissue picture.
Section snippets
Methods
The archives of the Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine School of Dental Medicine, Tel-Aviv University were searched for cases diagnosed as OSCC and various dysplastic lesions. The study has been reviewed and approved by the Tel-Aviv University Ethics Committee; all cases were anonymous and informed consent was not required. The cases were divided according to histopathologic diagnosis based on the WHO diagnostic criteria as followed: mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia, severe dysplasia,
Results
The study group included 30 cases, 16 women and 14 men, with mean age of 64.5 (SD = 17.12). Table 1 summarizes the clinical and histopathologic data; five cases were selected as controls, 15 cases of various dysplastic lesions and 10 cases of OSCC.
For each case, between 1 and 6 reflectance measurements were recorded. Table 1, Table 2, Table 3 and Figures 3 and 4 represent the reflectance measurements at the highest intensity as well as the average intensity for each case. The graphs in Figures 3
Discussion
The results of the present study clearly demonstrate the power of the direct GNRs-EGFR reflectance measurements as a novel method in identifying carcinomatous changes in human oral tissue sections. Intensity, highest and average, increases with the progression of the disease with clear distinction between benign and mild dysplasia and the higher degrees of dysplasia and invasive cancer.
Oral cancer is a multi-step process and therefore, early identification of carcinomatous changes is of
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This study was supported by the Israel Cancer Association, with the generous assistance of the Irma and Jacques Ber-Lehmsdorf Foundation (grant No. 20150012); and the ISRAEL SCIENCE FOUNDATION (grant No. 1760/16).
Conflict of interest statements: None declared.