Research ArticleDual photoacoustic/ultrasound multi-parametric imaging from passion fruit-like nano-architectures
Graphical Abstract
Passion fruit-like nano-architectures (pfNAs) are nature-inspired inorganic nanomaterials able to avoid the issue of persistence of noble metal nanoparticles in organisms while maintaining most of their intriguing features. Here we demonstrate by ex vivo investigations the intrinsic dual photoacoustic/ultrasound (PAUS) behaviors of pfNAs.
Section snippets
Materials
IRDye 800CW-NHS ester was provided by Carlo Erba. All the other chemicals were purchased by Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purifications.
Passion fruit-like nano-architectures (pfNAs)
Nano-architectures were prepared as reported elsewhere and according to the procedure in the SI.17, 18
Synthesis of calcined hollow silica nanocapsules (cFNAs)
Hollow silica nanocapsules were produced by following a procedure similar to the protocol for the production of pfNAs, without employing ultrasmall gold nanoparticles.18 To 10 mL milliQ were added 5 μL of poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) 70 kDa (30%
Synthesis of the biodegradable nano-architectures
Passion fruit-like Nano-Architectures (pfNAs) are disassembling nanocomposites able to jointly combine most of the appealing features of noble metal nanoparticles with their potential organism excretion.16 The production of pfNAs is reported in Figure S1.17 Poly(L-lysine) 15-30 kDa (PL) was covalently functionalized with commercial IRDye 800CW-NHS ester on about 5% of amines and used for the synthesis of nanocapsules.12, 19 Poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) coated ultra-small gold
Discussion
The optical behavior of pfNAs and their components in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) are reported in Figure S1. The Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorbance spectrum of pfNAs shows: i) the typical Rayleigh scattering background due to the silica shells, ii) the absorption band of IRDye 800CW at around 800 nm, and iii) the localized surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles aggregates at around 540 nm.12 The composition of pfNAs was engineered in order to include unique features for cancer
Author Contributions
PA and CA photoacoustic/ultrasound measurements and data analysis, SPM and DC synthesis and characterizations of nano-architectures, AF data analysis, LM design imaging experiments and paper writing, VV design the project and paper writing. The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
Funding: LM thanks project “INSIDE” POR CREO FESR 2014-2020 (CUP ST: 3389.30072014.067000001). VV thanks the MFAG grant number 19852 from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC).
Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Mrs. Ana-Katrina Mapanao and Dr. Ylea Vlamidis for spectral and DLS characterizations of pfNAs.
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These authors have contributed equally.